[Create affordances for different levels of expertise: analog people, quick learners who are less technical, power users, programmers.]

[Including an additional, more advanced toolset that is beyond the capacity of most users can help cultivate a community of more complex customizations enabled by local developers and programmers.]

[Enable users with varying skill levels to collaborate as a way to completely express more complex ideas.]

[Spreadsheets integrate text and graphics by organizing textual programs or formulas into the tabular grid of visual cells.]

[Spreadsheets pre-name variables according to their position on the grid.]

[End-user programming languages are more motivating to learn when they are task-oriented: instead of making available only smaller primitives, provide higher-level abstractions that actually do the complete job.]

[Spreadsheet arithmetic is approachable not because most people know how to add and subtract, but because that's what accountants and business people do]

[Go beyond 'easy to use' and prioritize early success within a few hours of use to increase motivation.]

[Avoid 'having to know everything to do anything']

[Spreadsheets obviate the need for control structures or variable names.]

[Conversational language is a poor medium of HCI because computers lack the context that we constantly refer to, as well as the ability to interpret context to derive meaning.]

[Deterministic outcomes from a computer and so prefer formal languages because conversation is naturally open-ended and not specific.]

[End users are not 'casual' or 'naive', they are scientists, librarians, teachers, architects, people that want to make serious use of computers without becoming professional programmers.]